VI. Renaissance



        A. Italian



        B. Northern






VII. Reformation



        A. Luther



        B. Calvin



        C. Henry VIII       Link to Picture 

        D.   Elizabeth I   Link to Picture 

VIII. Scientific Revolution







IX. European Expansion and Exploration:

         Economic and Technological Forces







X. Absolute Monarchies and Constitutional Governments 



        A. Tudors, Stuarts, and Constitutional Change in England



        B. Holy Roman Empire, Hapsburgs, Charles V



        C. Bourbons and Louis XIV

 "William Walace"-Mel Gibson in "Braveheart"
Links

Perseus Project
 Tudor History Website
AFRICA NEWS
Institute of Egyptian Art and Archaeology
Classics and Mediterranean Archaeology
 May 13, 1997 Harwich Social Studies Curriculum
Amnesty International
UN Human Rights Information
 The Crusades: Chronology of the Holy Wars
 Perseus Project Home Page
 Loeb Classical Library
 Classical Resources
 Celtic Mist
 NetSERF: The Internet Connection for Medieval Resources
 usscplus.com, by InfoSynthesis, Inc. US Supreme Court Online
 The Crusades
 Lectures for Western Civilization I
 Link to Map Library
 

Did You Know ?

b. Many scholars of folklore believe that the Children's Crusade was the inspriation for the tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin.

 c.  The Aztecs adopted the legend of Quetzalcoatl.  Tradition says that Quetzalcoatl was white and bearded, and had committed a sin or been overthrown by a rival god.  Quetzalcoatl promised to return.  The Spanish took advantage of the Indian belief in this legend when, as white, bearded conquistadors, they came to Mexico.

d.  Although Germany failed to unite, the German people remained dynamic.  German knights, such as those in the Teutonic Order, missionaries, and colonist moved into eastern Europe.  During times of upheaval in the 20th century, the descendants of these people-ethnic Germans have attempted to leave eastern Europe for Germany. (Sighisoara is one of these German cities and it has very few Germans remaining there)

e. The last major occurrences of the bubonic plague in Europe were in Marseilles in 1720, Moscow in 1770, Odessa in 1814, and the Balkans in 1841.

f.  Sir Thomas More held important government positions for many years under King Henry VIII of England.  His refusal to accept the Act of Supremacy making the king head of the Church of England brought him imprisonment in the Tower and execution for treason in 1535.

g.  Marx was somewhat bemused by the way his ideas were adopted by other socialist. A few months before his death he told Engels, "All I know is that I am not a Marxist"

h.  In secen days of fighting, known as "the bloody week," more than 30,000 Parisians were killed.  On May 27, the last 150 Communards were captured and summarily executed in Pere Lachaise cemetery.  Every May the working people of Paris honor the Communards by laying wreaths at the spot where the 150 met their deaths.